What are the key components of an Access Control List (ACL) in Windows?

An ACL consists of a Discretionary Access Control List (DACL) and a System Access Control List (SACL). The DACL determines which users or groups are allowed or denied access, while the SACL logs access attempts. Each ACL contains multiple Access Control Entries (ACEs) that specify the actual permissions, as detailed in this article on ACLs.